Consciousness
"Consciousness is the faculty of awareness—the faculty of perceiving that which exists."
The Axiom
Consciousness is the faculty of perceiving that which exists. It is not a passive state but an active process of identification. Consciousness is always consciousness OF something - it requires an object. A consciousness conscious of nothing but itself is a contradiction in terms.
Key principle: To be conscious is to be conscious of something
Nature of Consciousness
Consciousness is:
- Identification: The process of grasping what exists
- Relational: Always involves a subject (the conscious being) and an object (what one is conscious of)
- Active: Not passive reception but active identification
- Dependent on means: Requires specific biological/physical apparatus
Consciousness is NOT:
- Self-sufficient (requires something to be conscious of)
- Creative of reality (it identifies, doesn't create)
- Infallible (capable of error in identification)
- Automatic (beyond sensory level, requires volitional focus)
Levels of Consciousness
Sensory Level
- Automatic response to stimuli
- Present in simple organisms
- No conceptual identification
Perceptual Level
- Integration of sensations into percepts
- Automatic in higher animals and humans
- Awareness of entities, not just sensations
Conceptual Level
- Unique to humans (as far as we know)
- Volitional - requires chosen mental effort
- Forms concepts through abstraction
- Makes reasoning possible
Primacy of Existence vs. Primacy of Consciousness
The crucial principle: Existence has primacy over consciousness
Primacy of Existence (Correct)
- Existence exists independent of consciousness
- Consciousness must conform to existence
- Reality is what it is regardless of beliefs
- Wishing doesn't make it so
Primacy of Consciousness (False)
- The fallacy that consciousness creates/controls reality
- Belief that reality conforms to consciousness
- Foundation of mysticism, subjectivism, relativism
- Self-refuting (whose consciousness has primacy?)
Validation of Consciousness
Consciousness cannot be "proven" because any proof would require consciousness. Instead, it is an axiom - self-evident and undeniable:
Any attempt to deny consciousness uses consciousness:
- "Consciousness doesn't exist" - requires consciousness to formulate
- "Consciousness is an illusion" - illusions are states of consciousness
- "We're not really aware" - awareness needed to make the claim
- "It's all physical" - requires consciousness to grasp "physical"
Consciousness and Free Will
Human consciousness at the conceptual level is volitional:
- We must choose to think
- We must choose to focus our awareness
- We can evade or drift
- This is the root of human Ethics
The choice to think or not to think is the fundamental choice that makes all other choices possible. This is why humans need morality - because we must choose our actions.
Common Errors
"Consciousness is just brain chemistry"
This commits the fallacy of reductionism. Yes, consciousness requires a brain (in humans), but consciousness as experienced cannot be reduced to neural firings any more than a symphony can be reduced to air vibrations.
"Consciousness creates reality"
This is Primacy of Consciousness - refuted by the fact that reality doesn't conform to wishes. If consciousness created reality, whose consciousness? Why can't you wish away pain or create wealth by thinking?
"We can't know if others are conscious"
This is the "problem of other minds" - but it's a pseudo-problem. We observe that entities similar to us (other humans) act in ways consistent with consciousness. To demand Cartesian certainty about others' consciousness while accepting your own is arbitrary.
"AI could be conscious"
Current AI lacks the biological basis of consciousness. It processes information but doesn't have awareness. There's a fundamental difference between processing symbols and being aware of meaning.
Consciousness and Knowledge
Consciousness makes knowledge possible:
- Perception: Direct awareness of existence
- Conception: Abstract identification of essentials
- Logic: Method of non-contradictory identification
- Science: Systematic conceptual knowledge
But consciousness is also fallible:
- Errors in perception (illusions)
- Errors in conception (invalid concepts)
- Errors in reasoning (logical fallacies)
- Errors in knowledge (false theories)
This is why we need a method of cognition - logic based on the Law of Non-Contradiction.
Foundation for Individual Rights
Consciousness - specifically rational consciousness - is the foundation of individual rights:
Self-ownership
Because you possess rational consciousness, you own yourself. You are capable of directing your own life through chosen thinking and action.
Argumentation Ethics
Arguments presuppose that the participants are conscious beings capable of grasping arguments. This validates property rights and non-aggression.
Need for Freedom
Because human consciousness is volitional and fallible, humans need freedom to think, judge, and act. This leads to The Non-aggression Principle.
Consciousness and Economics
Consciousness is central to economics:
- Value: Only conscious beings can value
- Choice: Economics studies chosen human action
- Knowledge: The Knowledge Problem exists because consciousness is individual
- Calculation: The Economic Calculation Problem exists because values are held by individual consciousnesses
The Axiom's Invulnerability
Like all axioms, consciousness cannot be denied without self-contradiction. As explored in Axioms as Invulnerable, any denial of consciousness must use consciousness, thereby affirming it.
The three axioms - Existence, Identity, and Consciousness - form an indivisible trinity:
- Existence is what consciousness is conscious of
- Identity is what consciousness identifies
- Consciousness is the faculty that grasps existence and identity
Together, they form the foundation of all knowledge, making possible logic, science, ethics, and ultimately human flourishing through voluntary cooperation.